egypt1

                                egypt1                              

Geography.

Egypt covers an area of about one million 

square kilometers; 96% of the area of desert and 4% of the area fit for cultivation of any agricultural activity and 35 000 sq km. 
Terrain: Arab Republic of Egypt is divided geographically into four main sections: 
The Nile Valley and Delta: An area of about (33 thousand km 2) approximately, from the north of Wadi Halfa to the Mediterranean Sea; and is divided into Nubia extended from Wadi Halfa to Aswan, followed by level (Upper Egypt) to the south of Cairo, Delta (Lower Egypt) from the north of Cairo to the Mediterranean coast, which is confined between the two branches of the Nile, Damietta and Rosetta; the two remaining sections of several branches and other estuaries of the Nile found in previous eras. 
In the far south of the country there is Lake Nasser (Lake Nubia or the High Dam Lake), an artificial lake created as a result of the High Dam at Aswan. In the north-west are found in Fayoum, Lake Karun is one of the largest natural lakes in the country,

 located on the Mediterranean coast and shallow lakes are downloaded and Burullus and Mariot, as well as swamps Messahtaha are dwindling as a result of human activity since ancient times, albeit accelerated recently. 
Western Sahara:

running around (680 thousand km 2), exactly the part located within the borders of Egypt-Saharan Africa, extending between the Nile Valley in the east to the western border, and the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the southern border, and is divided into: 
Section includes the northern coastal plain, the northern plateau and the lowlands, which includes the Siwa Oasis, Qattara Depression, Wadi El-Natron and the Bahariya Oasis 
Section includes the southern oases of Farafra, Kharga, Dakhla, Paris and at the extreme south-Owainat. 
Eastern Desert:. an area of about (225 thousand km 2) extends between the Nile Valley to the west and the Red Sea and the Sinai Peninsula in the east, and the limits of the Delta as far north as the southern borders of Egypt. Span length of the Red Sea mountain range reaches a height of about 3000 feet above sea level, which is rich in natural resources from various ores. 
Sinai Peninsula:.

an area of about (61 thousand km 2) is the Asian part of Egypt and 6% of Egypt's area is in the form of a triangle base tangent of the Mediterranean Sea north and head to the south between the Gulf of Suez to the west and Aqaba in the east, and divided in terms of terrain, to: 
Southern Section: consists of rugged mountains Geranettip high, including Mount Katherine altitudes 2640 meters above sea level, the highest in Egypt by the snow and falling like the rest of the mountains of southern Sinai mountains and some of the Red Sea in winter four Bshahurh December, January and February and March. 

Section East: the Central Highlands and is divided into plateau wilderness in the north and descend Oaudettha towards the Mediterranean gradually declining, and the Golan kernel to Aljtob, has been the practice to designate the entire region Plateau wilderness, such as a name larger and months on the whole and the region is city sift the heavily fortified by pilgrims old and enjoyed by the City of palms sweltering continental winter where temperatures can reach the micro-to 9 - zero centigrade. 
Northern Section: Tina easy, the area between the Mediterranean in the north and south plateau labyrinth is a flat plain abound where water resources resulting from the rain waters that descend from the southern highlands and the central plateaus. 
Climate prevailing in the country is desert and semi-desert, while the Mediterranean climate prevails in the north coast, and tropical in the far south. 
Population. 

 Focus of most of the population of Egypt in the Nile Valley, particularly in the cities Kabrtin, Greater Cairo, which nearly a quarter of the population and Alexandria; also live most of the remaining population in the Delta and on both coasts of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and Suez Canal cities. 
The number of Egyptians inside and outside the country nearly 76 million people in the census in 2009 
An increase of 24.37% from the 1996 census. Of whom 72 million and 579 thousand and 30 people at home and abroad, three million. Of the population of the country's 30 million and 949 thousand people from urban areas, 41 million live in rural areas and 629 thousand and 341 people. The rate of population increase in recent years by about 1,3%. 
Occupy Egypt Sort sixteenth worldwide in terms of population and the third Africa after Nigeria and Ethiopia in terms of population size and arrangement cent and twenty-four worldwide in terms of population density is the most populous Arab country, playing the Egyptians traditionally migration from their homeland, but that from the seventies of the twentieth century and as a result of the emergence of Oil revenues in the Gulf and make it available from the demand for labor in the countries of Persian Gulf, Iraq and Libya began increasing numbers of the population, especially of young people in the exodus out of the country either temporarily to work in the oil-producing countries and either permanently reside in the United States, Canada, Australia and the European Union ; and in accordance with permit systems and immigration regulations applicable in those countries. There are no accurate statistics of the real number of Egyptians outside the home, but estimate their number is between four and five million people, there are two-thirds in the Arab countries as casual laborers, while the remaining third there in the Diaspora and those are the migration of permanent migrants. 
The average population density in Egypt, 63 people / km ², where they are in the area of the Nile Valley and Delta 900 inhabitants / km ² (98% of the total population to 4% of the country, one of the highest population densities in the world, and is expected to reach the population of Egypt if continued to increase at the current pace in 2017 to 86 million people, is in the order in per cent and twenty-seven of the world where population density. 
Composition of the population 
The majority of the population of Egypt from the Egyptians and the estimated proportion of 99.4% of the total population (2006) Egypt is set up any overall population is a multi-ethnic, assets and merge with each other socially and culturally, from this ethnic Nubians in the south, the Beja Red Sea mountains, Arab and Bedouin nomads in the Sinai, as well as Armenians , Greeks, Italians, Turks, Circassians, Albanians, Roma and French numbers varied throughout the ages. 
Language 

Arabic is the official language in the country, and the mother tongue of the overwhelming majority of the population, which is spoken local dialect the dialect of a range of varieties varies according to regions, and more varieties common is the tone of Cairo, which has spread all over the country because of education and the language of the elite economic and political, it is also understandable throughout the Arabic-speaking world because of cultural influence and media. Throughout history, the Egyptians spoke languages belonging to the Afro-Asian family, ranging from the ancient Egyptian language, different dialects, through the form later, a Coptic language and access to Arabic after the Arab conquest and the spread of Islam. 
Nubians speak two languages from a family of languages Nubian Kush, also speaks Alsiuyon Alsewep Amazigh language, and speaks Alababdp Alepesharion and languages of the family of Beja, also found groups of Roma language spoken Aledumari. 
In addition to what has already been found in different historical periods in endemic communities of Armenians in Egypt Egypt, Turks, Greeks, Italians, spoke their own language. 
English as the language spoken on the tongues of many citizens and taught at all levels of education in government schools, and there are schools that provide instruction in foreign languages curricula. 
Religions 
According to the Permanent Constitution of 1971, the official state religion is Islam and condemned by the majority of the population of Egypt. There are no specific ratios of the followers of beliefs to Egypt, where they left off the official statistics from the remembrance of the Egyptian population followers of religions and sects. 
Over the historical statistics of the Egyptian population censuses were estimated at an average rate of 94% Muslims and Christians at an average rate of 6% until 1986, when census was the last official census numbers say the followers of different religions in Egypt 
Religious institutions 

In Egypt there are two institutions Denecan of the oldest and most important institutions for the debt which represents all of them: 

Al-Azhar, which was built by the Fatimids to spread the Ismaili doctrine in North Africa, before it converts Saladin to the University of Sunni Arab to become one of the most important pillars of Sunni Islam in the world, Shaykh al-Azhar is currently Sheikh Dr. Ahmed Al-Tayeb former head of Al-Azhar University and Dar al-Ifta Fatwa, which was founded in 1895, which headed by Grand Mufti of Egypt, and assumed that position now, Sheikh Ali Gomaa. 
Coptic Orthodox Church, one of the oldest Christian churches in the world and one of the first five churches, the Church of Alexandria is the headquarters sits on the throne of St. Mark, a Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of Saint Mark Episcopate, and the current Pope Shenouda III is. 
Climate 

Egypt is located in the dry tropical region, except within the northern temperate zone in the greenhouse climate Mediterranean Region, which is characterized by heat and drought in the summer months and moderate in winter and spring with little rain fall increasingly on the coast. 
Annual average temperature in Lower Egypt, Winter 20 degrees Celsius during the day and 10 C at night and in summer the average temperature is approximately 35 degrees Celsius in the daytime and 23 degrees Celsius at night; In Upper Egypt, average maximum temperature in winter to 25 C and micro- 8 ° C either in the summer, average maximum temperature to 41 ° C either Minor up to 24 degrees Celsius almost. 
Consists of frost on the middle of the Sinai peninsula and on the plantations in central Egypt winter, while snow falls in winter on the mountains of Sinai and some coastal cities such as: Baltim, Damietta, and Alexandria, Sidi Brani. 
Administrative division 

Arab Republic of Egypt is divided administratively into 29 governorates (provinces combined) include the city mayor is the administrative handling of Luxor. This division replaced the division of districts established by Napoleon Bonaparte after the French campaign on Egypt and Mohammed Ali after preservation in Egypt is the peak of the pyramid of administrative divisions, which includes five levels (province, center, city, district (in the cities divided into districts into sections, and chiefdoms) , village), each headed by a governor appointed by the President of the Republic.Most of the provinces beyond the population density thousand people per square kilometer, while the less densely populated provinces in the three largest space for only Nsmtin per square kilometer. 
Provinces are either urban profile, or a mix between urban and rural areas, and to differentiate the formal urban and rural areas in the provinces will be according to the administrative divisions of the lower provinces are urban profile is not the centers, which are gatherings of a group of villages correspond to the city in the urban governorates. Moreover it can be the entire province is a city of just one as in the case of Cairo, and Alexandria. And cities divided into districts run by elected local councils. Each province capital are often the largest cities. 
On April 17, 2008 presidential decree was issued as Helwan, and 6 October provinces independent. 
Border disputes 

Shalateen Halaib triangle is a triangle and the Egyptian-Sudanese conflict was dominated by Egypt in 1991 and prevented Sudan from the population census in 2005 and entered in the population of Egypt.