About Egypt

                    A short overview about Egypt

The list of governorates of Egypt.

Number( key)	Name	Space (square kilometers)	Population (2007)	DC
1	Alexandria	2,679	4164750	Alexandria
2	Aswan	679	1196946	Aswan
3	Asyut	25,926	3486681	Asyut
4	Lake	10,130	4802272	Damanhur
5	Beni Suef	1,322	2320629	Beni Suef
6	Cairo	214	7988657	Cairo
7	Dakahlia	3,471	5044050	Mansoura
8	Damietta	1,029	1112163	Damietta
9	Fayoum	1,827	2546882	Fayoum
10	Western	1,942	4055091	Tanta
11	Giza	85,153	6364682	Giza
12	Ismailia	1,442	966273	Ismailia
13	Kafr El-Sheikh	3,437	2653144	Kafr El-Sheikh
14	Matrouh	212,112	326684	Marsa Matruh
15	Minya	32,279	4212158	Minya
16	Menoufia	1,532	3309482	Shebin
17	New Valley	376,505	189447	Emerging
18	North Sinai	27,574	348880	El Arish
19	Port Said	72	576599	Port Said
20	Qaliubiya	1,001	4300328	Banha
21	Qena	1,851	3036415	Qena
22	Red Sea	203,685	291884	Hurghada
23	East	4,180	5426303	Zagazig
24	Sohag	1,547	3792045	Sohag
25	South Sinai	33,140	150981	Tur
26	Suez	17,840	518557	Suez
27	Luxor	55	451,318	Luxor
28	Helwan	n/a	643,327	Helwan
29	October 6	n/a	500,000	October 6

Cities and ports. 
The largest cities are Greater Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said, Suez, El Mahalla El Kobra, Luxor, Mansoura, Tanta, Zagazig, Assiut, Minya,. 
Ports: Egypt has about 32 sea port due to the extension of the north and east coasts, including: Alexandria, Sharm El Sheikh, Damietta, Suez, Port Said, short, Safaga, Hurghada, Marsa Alam. (Burullus and tainted and Alsman), Al Ain Sukhna 
Arts and Letters. 

Egypt has a distinct cultural asset, be for thousands of years, during which she added every civilization of the successive civilizations of Egypt: Pharaonic, Greek - Romanian, Coptic, Islamic, blocks piled up in turn to pay tribute to a monument of coherent patterns of thought, literature and the arts. Because of its history and potential of human and connected to Europe, Egypt has been for a long time in the modern era leading culturally in the Arab world, are published writers and thinkers and their authors and Vannounaa Fine and Musegiwaa areas of Arab cultural production, and that Cairo was the cultural capital most active Arab, as carried out by the cultural life and literary and artistic early and is attached to the now . 
It has also in Egypt early media industry, cinema, arts, and currently has more than 30 satellite channels and production of films more than 100 movies a year. As was the Opera House burned floors before the first opera house in the Middle East and the developing world. 
Literature constitutes an important aspect of the cultural life of Egypt, where Egyptian novelists and poets of the first contributed to the formation of contemporary patterns of these two literary figures in the Arab world. 
Plastic Arts.

Egyptians practiced since ancient arts of drawing and sculpture.Christianity grew into a school girl in the art of icons and developed methods of decoration, and the Egyptians excelled Christians and Muslims after them in the arts of decoration and inscriptions Uses of Architecture and Applied Life. 

In modern times, brought artists such as Mahmoud Mukhtar and the beauty of Sajeeni sent the spirit of Egyptian sculpture inspired by the past and different from the European schools that were only available for the generation of these pioneers, as well as in the art of drawing. 
Alexandria Library. 

In 2002 and with the support of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, was inaugurated new Library of Alexandria is located both libraries in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. Has been the dream of rebuilding the ancient Library of Alexandria and reviving the legacy of this World Centre for Science and knowledge has haunted the imagination of thinkers and scientists in the world.

 Beginning with the announcement by President Mubarak, the Declaration of Aswan in 1990 to revive the old library while the rest is history as well as it has the right of the library severely damaged 391 m when he ordered the Roman Emperor Theodosius I destroy them and the Library of Alexandria is a monumental cultural giant that was created, was the launch of the new Bibliotheca Alexandrina in a big ceremony attended by kings, presidents and queens and delegations of international high to be a beacon of culture and Egypt's window on the world and a window to the world of Egypt. 
Education. 

Oversees the State represented by the Ministry of Education's stages of basic education, which includes primary six years, and junior high for three years, and oversees the secondary education which is divided into general and technical, commercial, and allows individuals to set up and management of schools in various stages. And determine the outcome of the secondary test the acceptance of students in universities, a process administered by the Office for the Coordination of acceptance each year in the Egyptian universities. 

The Ministry of Higher Education on the stages of university education and, more recently it has become the right of private actors to create and manage universities and institutes. 
There is also a parallel pattern of education supervised by Azhar at all stages of education, the end of Al-Azhar University, who studied forensic science along with "worldly" There are 22 universities in Egypt's government, in addition to more than 10 private universities. This along with many of the institutions of higher public and private. 
Economy. 

Botoar over the Egyptian economy and patterns of many. And is now heading to the pattern of the open market, which led to increased foreign investment. 
Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture and tourism, oil and petrochemical industries, media and Suez Canal tolls. See also: List of Egyptian companies. 

Egypt's economy is a few of the diverse economies in the Middle East and other oil-dependent as is the case in the Gulf States and Iraq, and there are capital market (stock exchange) is active.

During the past quarter-century was the economic growth rate in Egypt ranges between 4-5%, but that Egypt has now been achieved an annual growth in GDP of 7%. And the Egyptian economy is the second in size among the Arab countries after Saudi Arabia, but it is a larger economy in the Arab world supported on the non-oil economy is the eleventh in the Middle East in terms of per capita income. It is also the Egyptian economy after South Africa with Africa in terms of GDP. Egypt ranked second after South Africa and Africa by Nigeria in the gross national product with Bakterp than $ 200 billion (nominal value) or the equivalent of $ 480 billion (the value of purchasing power), which Maitady one trillion pounds. 
Egypt is a member of the Group of 15 G15, a group of countries that apply economic growth programs and entered Egypt in the 5 countries from Africa: Nigeria, Kenya, Algeria, and Senegal. 

The rate of unemployment in the country to 9.1% by 2007. 
Transport. 
Was characterized by Egypt since ancient times was excellent geographical location of the earlier peoples of the world to know the navigation, ship building and use, and evidence for that trip to the country of Egyptian vessels girl (Somalia) in 1491 BC. During the reign of Queen Hatshepsut .. It is the oldest cruise recorded history, as the Egyptians were also the oldest of the peoples of the world's attention to the establishment of road and flatten. 
Rail. 
Railways are one of the oldest railway is the world second only to England where he began the first railway line in Egypt in 1853 between Cairo and Alexandria, a length of 209 km, and then rolled after the establishment of railway lines at the level of the whole of Egypt. 
Has Arab Republic of Egypt 28 line iron reached a length of about 9435 kilometers across the 796 passenger terminal and 1800 train workers moving back and forth along the 135 thousand miles, by the power transfer passengers to reach about 54 400 million passenger / km, and secondly in the transfer of cargo to reach about 43 000 million tons / km. 
MRT. 

Egypt is the first country in Africa and the Middle East carried out the subway map on Egyptian roads at an investment cost amounted to about 12 billion pounds. It is one of the most important cultural projects that contributed to the linkage between the four provinces are: (Cairo, Giza Qaliubiya - Helwan) In light of the importance of the MRT and the need for continuity in the execution of its projects, began implementing the first phase to create a third line of the subway along the 4.3 miles and cost about 3.6 billion pounds , and 2007 saw the start of work in the establishment of the first stage of the third line of the MRT worth 3.2 billion pounds and it will open in 2011 will be the opening of the second phase in 2013. 
Maritime Transport. 
Occupies a shipping place important and influential role in the Egyptian economy is the focal point between Egypt and all countries in the world, the artery that feeds all sectors of national economy, and affect the foreign trade in all productive sectors and has Egypt 40 Port, 13 Port commercially, 6 ports mining 0.6Fishing Ports 0.5 ports, tourist ports, 10 oil, in addition to the increased capacity of sea ports to 66.8 million tons and the number of berths to 175 berths, which contributed to the increase of passenger traffic on the Egyptian ports to 740 thousand passengers. Units also increased the Egyptian fleet to 135 vessels with tonnage College 2 million tons, with the result that the movement of goods increased to 10 916 thousand tons of cargo. 
Air transport.

Egypt is also one of the first countries that used aviation transport, was founded by the first airline in the May 7, 1932, and is also her first air route in the Arab region and the Middle East, where an air transport is an important component of economic development and social programs and the development of tourism and exportsinvestments and urban development and to link the interior with each other, as well as linking Egypt with the outside world. Egypt has about 30 airports and airlines up to 72 city and capital of the world along with 12 Egyptian cities. 
Suez Canal. 

Began digging the canal on 25 April 1859, and officially opened to navigation in the reign of Khedive Ismail in the November 17, 1869 in a major celebration was attended by most of the kings and princes of Europe, and the duration of the concession (99) years from the date of opening of the canal back after this period of ownership to the Egyptian government. After the abolition of the monarchy sought to claim the revolutionary government of England clearly its troops from the area and the base of the Suez Canal, and led the Egyptian claims to reach the agreement to evacuate Egyptian English in 1954. The removal of the World Bank currently funding a project to build the High Dam, Egypt in the Declaration of July 26, 1956 its decision to nationalize the company's global marine of the Suez Canal. 
The Suez Canal, the link and the link between East and West, where you turn in the recovery of international trade traffic, and the first channel is a major supplier of foreign currency for Egypt, where the yield per day in the state treasury about $ 5.5 million.And accommodate the Suez Canal, 8% of world trade traffic passing by, and the availability of the Suez Canal, about 40% of the length and expenses of the journey between East Asia and Europe. 
Tourism. 

Egypt was known throughout history as a destination for tourists and mobile phones since has had "Herodotus" in the history of the old record was very impressed with different distance from his country and Egypt remained so throughout its history, middle and modern, but that the discovery of the effects of the Pharaohs since the beginning of the last century has added a special charm to the side of what the effects of unique religious and cultural, in addition to what it enjoys of the world's central geographic position, moderate climate in summer and winter, and easy-to-period coasts, beaches and coral reefs of the treasures of unique, which is one of the comparative advantages that Tofferenasr and guarantees of competition and excellence hoped. 

State adopts on tourism as an important source of the most important sources of national income has, and relies on the many effects that resulted from the diversity of civilizations and different over the ages by, of civilizations, Pharaonic, Coptic, Roman, Islamic, this is it overlooking the Red Sea to the east, which includes purest water, and contains in Qienh coral reefs and fish the many and slalom beach led to the emergence of many natural harbors, and the sports many attractive athletes, sports entertaining Kalghos, tourism represents currently accounted for 11.3% of GDP, and 40% of the total Egyptian exports non-commodity, 19.3% of foreign exchange earnings. And total number of tourism companies in 1409 about the Company as total number of rooms in the tourist villages and floating hotels and fixed 190.1 (a room).

 It is worth mentioning that 90% of the existing tourism projects in Egypt is an Egyptian investments, and 10% of them with an Arab capital. 
In 2008, the Pyramids of Giza for the best a tourist attraction in the world and granted by the organization "World Travel Awards" during the fourteenth anniversary of the organization, which was held recently in the Caribbean Islands.

 
Communications. 

Industry began telecommunications activities in Egypt in 1854 when he was opening the first telegraph lines between Cairo and Alexandria under the name of the authority of telegraph and telephone, while 1881 saw the installation of the first telephone line between the two provinces. 
In September 1999 the project was announced the National Renaissance technology, which reflects the great attention given by the Egyptian government to the need to accelerate the advancement of the manufacture and use of information technology to serve development objectives in Egypt and had to be to translate the Renaissance project to a reality that is the preparation and implementation of several projects and take the necessary measures for the development of industries. 
Telephone Service. 

In 1881 created the first telephone line linking Cairo and Alexandria and in 1883 was to extend telephone lines to Port Said, Ismailia and Suez. 
Total number of subscribers 11,280,000 
14,426,597 total capacity of telephone exchanges (1981-2010) 
10.7 million main telephone lines 
Number of subscribers to mobile telephone service 50,68,197 (1998 - April 2009) 
Phone number for the public service telephone 58 002 (2001 - April 2008) 
Mobile phone.

 

The introduction of the first mobile phone GSM technology in Egypt in 1996 
There are three companies in Egypt, a mobile phone provider, namely: 
Egyptian Company for Mobile Services, Mobinil, a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom-owned Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris, has been broadcasting service in May 1998. 
Vodafone Egypt is a joint venture owned by Vodafone Group and Telecom Egypt, a second network in Egypt. 
Telecom Egypt, which won a license third mobile network has been won by an alliance of the (Emirates Telecommunications Corporation and Egypt Post, Commercial International Bank and National Bank of Egypt) for 16.7 billion Egyptian pounds in a July 4, 2006 began work in May 2007 as the first operator of 

third generation services in Egypt .. 

E. 

Egypt Post, which was founded in 1865 is one of the oldest institutions of Egypt and Oargaha Egypt is among the 22 countries contributed to the establishment of the Universal Postal Union following the Bern in 1874 and was selected a member of this Union, and has played an active role also in establishing the Arab Postal Union, UPU Africa. 
The number of customers more than 15 million customers have dealt with him over many years, and new customers who have joined the postal financial services in the last year alone the number increased about 2 million customers. And e-Masri is the economic, social, contribute directly to achieving the State's plans to achieve development so that they feel a return of this development along with ensuring the efficiency and speed of service delivery. The number of post offices, the Egyptian government for more than 3,700 office and nearly 800 postal agencies especially such as FedEx DHL. [ 
Smart Village.

 
Smart Village Company was founded in 2001 with the declared aim is to support and development entities known technological and business at both the local and regional levels. Smart Village in Cairo is the first integrated technological villages and the first gatherings of companies in Egypt. The village has many telecommunications companies, information technology, global and local government bodies associated with that industry (such as Microsoft - Oracle), in addition to financial institutions and banks such as Bank HSBC and on the space of 3 million cubic meters west of the city of Cairo and includes the Smart Village is now more than 100 companies, and employs 12.000 employees are expected to climb to 80.000 by the end of 2014. 
Newspapers. 
The Middle East News Agency is the agency official. And published in Egypt many of the daily newspapers and magazines.In some of those newspapers, magazines, web sites in Arabic.And newspapers published in English and French, to the side such as the Armenian community newspapers. 
TV. 

Egypt states that have sought to acquire and launch their own satellites launched on the first name of the Nilesat 101 and launched after the other satellites Menhanail 102 satellites Egypt Sat - 1 {for research purposes} as Egypt is trying to launch four satellites other research during the next two decades to explore the desert and study places the oil and gas normal. 
The television and film industry in Egypt to supply most of the Arab market in works of art produced in the Media Production City in Cairo. After the launch of Media Free Zone in 2000, Egypt is now seeking to attract companies working in the media, giving them the opportunity to use its facilities to provide information and support the government channels are official languages of Egyptian TV channels and eight local channels. And subject to all terrestrial television stations controlled by the Federation of Radio and Television of the government. 
Began airing the first Egyptian satellite channel in 1990, and includes satellite TV sector is now 1 and the Egyptian Nile TV International, which broadcasts in English, French and Hebrew.Has also begun test broadcasts for the specialized channels of the Nile on 31 May 1998 and the actual broadcast October of that year. And broadcast on the Nilesat and Arabsat and Intelsat Asia Sat, Panama, Sat, and the 12 channel, including: Nile News Channel, and channels of drama, family and children and for sport and culture and Entertainment, education and scientific research. 
In November of 2001, began airing the first satellite network television, especially in Egypt is a Dream, which is broadcast on two channels, and currently include private channels in Egypt, such as: channel people and or T in the amulet and channel Egypt's tourist channels and Music channels, Melody and the hub, life, and prompt Comedy. 
The Egyptian TV channels attract large numbers of viewers abroad
The Egyptian television the second oldest Arab television after the Iraqi TV that only the most Egyptian achievements and fame. 
Cinema. 

Egypt began a relationship in cinema at the same time that you started in the world, is well known that the first commercial cinema in the world was in December 1895. In the Paris Salon and specifically Indian cafe Great (Grand Café), and after this date a few days made the first cinema in Egypt in the cafe (Ziouani) in Alexandria in January 1896, followed by the first film show in Cairo on January 28 1896. In Cinema (Santi) and photographer arrived at the Alexandria house for the first Lumiere "Romeo" who managed to portray the "field of consuls "Alexandria and the field of ... Muhammad Ali, and this is the first filming of some scenes of Egyptian cinema was presented House Lumiere, and deemed June 20, 1907. Is the beginning of the Egyptian film production.And over a hundred years of Egyptian cinema made more than four thousand in the film represent a total balance of the rest of the Arab cinema, which now rely on it almost all the Arab satellite channels. Egypt is the most prolific countries in the Middle East in the field of film production. Among the most prominent Egyptian artists artist Omar Sharif, from what it has achieved wide acclaim all over the world. 
Radio.
Began broadcasting in Egypt for the first time in the twenties of the twentieth century, radio was then concentrated in Cairo and Alexandria, and the property of civil associations and individuals. 
On May 31, 1934 began airing the first radio station in Egypt owned by the government. In Egypt there are eight local radio stations broadcast on medium wave and short wave and FM.There are also external radio is the Greater Cairo Radio, which broadcasts on short wave three and thirty languages. In addition to the Voice of the Arabs, which broadcasts in Arabic only and directed programs to Europe and the Middle East, Radio Nile FM special offer Violinist Western pop, and the stars of FM own songs that offer youth of Arab and Radio Egypt, a unit of the broadcasting and television, Radio lyrical newsletter